Post by kronan on Sept 26, 2021 11:40:01 GMT -5
A brief summary of the new swedish climate normal.
www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/nya-normaltemperaturer-lite-kuriosa-1.175537
This year, it has been time to calculate averages for the new normal period 1991-2020. When it comes to normal values for monthly average temperature and monthly precipitation, we now have final values and they can be downloaded here.
Data series with normal values 1991-2020
Work on some other products and parameters is still ongoing. So the range of new products with normal values is replenished afterwards.
In this blog post, I thought I would focus on slightly different angles on our new normal values for temperature. It will then also be a brief look at Sweden's climate.
Highly normal annual average temperature
The highest normal annual average temperature for 1991-2020 is 9.2 ° and applies to Malmö, Helsingborg, Falsterbo and Örja outside Landskrona. Please note that this does not apply to current stations in Helsingborg and Malmö but older station locations.
Lowest normal annual average temperature
The lowest annual average temperature is -2.9 ° at Tarfala which is 1144 meters above sea level in the Kebnekaise mountains. At lower altitude levels, it is Naimakka, our northernmost temperature station, which has the lowest annual average temperature of -1.6 °.
Maximum normal monthly average temperature
In July, Stockholm has a monthly average temperature of 18.7 °, which is the highest among our stations. This applies to the manual station at Stockholm Observatory. The automatic station at the observatory has 18.6 ° in normal July temperature
One might think that July is normally always the warmest month. However, some coastal stations have a higher normal monthly average temperature in August than in July. The biggest difference is for Utklippan on the Blekinge coast, which has a normal average temperature of 17.6 ° in August and 17.1 ° in July.
Lowest normal monthly average temperature
Randijaur in central Lapland has a normal average temperature of -15.1 ° in January. This should be compared with Falsterbo in southernmost Skåne, which normally has + 1.8 ° in January.
No station has December as the normally coldest month. On the other hand, it is fairly evenly distributed between stations that have January or February as the coldest month. Preferably, it is stations in the mountains and in coastal areas that have normally been called in February. The seawater has a dampening effect and a tendency to delay temperature fluctuations.
Stations with the largest and smallest annual temperature amplitude 1991-2020
Difference between maximum and minimum monthly average temperature
Randijaur in central Lapland has an annual temperature amplitude of 29.5 °. This is the difference between a normal July temperature of 14.4 ° and a normal January temperature of -15.1 °.
In second place is Vittangi in northernmost Lapland with 14.3 ° in July and -14.5 ° in January. That is, an amplitude of 28.8 °.
The lowest temperature amplitude is shown by Sandhammaren in eastern Skåne with 16.7 ° in July and August and 1.1 ° in February. That is, a temperature amplitude of 15.6 °.
The difference between a station's highest and lowest monthly average temperature is considered to be a measure of the station's degree of continentality.
A station near the coast usually has relatively mild winters and cool summers. Inland stations, on the other hand, generally have cold winters and hot summers.
Older stations can also have normal values for 1991-2020
Many of the stations I have presented here are probably familiar to those interested in the weather. But what, for example, is Randijaur for station? You never hear it mentioned in the weather reports.
Randijaur was running as a temperature station between 1967 and 1973 and that is enough for us to be able to calculate normal values for other periods as well.
The same applies, for example, to Sandhammaren, which ceased to be a station in 1995.
Extreme values during the period 1991-2020
A description of the climate 1991-2020 consists not only of normal values but also of measured extreme values.
There have been no major oddities in the station network and the measurements during the period 1991-2020, but the absolute highest and lowest temperatures are the same as previously published in our current monthly summaries.
Highest temperature 1991-2020
36.2 ° in Målilla on August 10, 1992
Lowest temperature 1991-2020
-49.0 ° in Karesuando on January 27, 1999
Large temperature differences 1991-2020
Difference between maximum and minimum measured temperature
Överkalix-Svartbyn in Norrbotten shows a difference of 80.3 ° between the highest and lowest temperature. It was 34.3 ° on July 26, 2019 and -46.0 ° on January 28, 1999.
In second place is Ylinenjärvi in Norrbotten with 32.8 ° and -46.4 ° on the same occasions.
The smallest difference among stations that have been in operation throughout the period 1991-2020 is Falsterbo with a maximum of 30.2 ° on 31 July 1994 and a minimum of -13.2 ° on 4 February 2012.
Maximum variation on both sides 0 ° C
Markusvinsa in Norrbotten has had a maximum of 34.8 ° on 26 July 2019 and a minimum of -36.2 ° on 5 January 2017.
In southern Sweden we find Horn in Östergötland with a minimum of -34.2 ° on 18 February 1996 and a maximum of 33.8 ° on 11 July 2010.
I think that this particular thing with large variations on both sides of the zero line makes a temperature climate extra interesting. I do not know what the world record is in that respect, but in central Canada and the American Midwest, for example, you can have 40 ° hot in the summer and 40 ° cold in the winter. Locally even below -45 ° and above 45 ° in the most extreme cases.
In the tropics where the temperature is never near freezing, or in the interior of Antarctica where it never gets plus degrees, this index becomes = 0.
For an individual station, of course, the probability of extreme temperatures increases the longer the station has been in operation. Seen over all our historical material, it is Uppsala that has the Swedish urban area in this respect.
This with an absolute minimum temperature of -39.5 ° on January 24, 1875 and an absolute maximum temperature of 37.4 ° on July 9, 1933.
www.smhi.se/bloggar/vaderleken-2-3336/nya-normaltemperaturer-lite-kuriosa-1.175537
This year, it has been time to calculate averages for the new normal period 1991-2020. When it comes to normal values for monthly average temperature and monthly precipitation, we now have final values and they can be downloaded here.
Data series with normal values 1991-2020
Work on some other products and parameters is still ongoing. So the range of new products with normal values is replenished afterwards.
In this blog post, I thought I would focus on slightly different angles on our new normal values for temperature. It will then also be a brief look at Sweden's climate.
Highly normal annual average temperature
The highest normal annual average temperature for 1991-2020 is 9.2 ° and applies to Malmö, Helsingborg, Falsterbo and Örja outside Landskrona. Please note that this does not apply to current stations in Helsingborg and Malmö but older station locations.
Lowest normal annual average temperature
The lowest annual average temperature is -2.9 ° at Tarfala which is 1144 meters above sea level in the Kebnekaise mountains. At lower altitude levels, it is Naimakka, our northernmost temperature station, which has the lowest annual average temperature of -1.6 °.
Maximum normal monthly average temperature
In July, Stockholm has a monthly average temperature of 18.7 °, which is the highest among our stations. This applies to the manual station at Stockholm Observatory. The automatic station at the observatory has 18.6 ° in normal July temperature
One might think that July is normally always the warmest month. However, some coastal stations have a higher normal monthly average temperature in August than in July. The biggest difference is for Utklippan on the Blekinge coast, which has a normal average temperature of 17.6 ° in August and 17.1 ° in July.
Lowest normal monthly average temperature
Randijaur in central Lapland has a normal average temperature of -15.1 ° in January. This should be compared with Falsterbo in southernmost Skåne, which normally has + 1.8 ° in January.
No station has December as the normally coldest month. On the other hand, it is fairly evenly distributed between stations that have January or February as the coldest month. Preferably, it is stations in the mountains and in coastal areas that have normally been called in February. The seawater has a dampening effect and a tendency to delay temperature fluctuations.
Stations with the largest and smallest annual temperature amplitude 1991-2020
Difference between maximum and minimum monthly average temperature
Randijaur in central Lapland has an annual temperature amplitude of 29.5 °. This is the difference between a normal July temperature of 14.4 ° and a normal January temperature of -15.1 °.
In second place is Vittangi in northernmost Lapland with 14.3 ° in July and -14.5 ° in January. That is, an amplitude of 28.8 °.
The lowest temperature amplitude is shown by Sandhammaren in eastern Skåne with 16.7 ° in July and August and 1.1 ° in February. That is, a temperature amplitude of 15.6 °.
The difference between a station's highest and lowest monthly average temperature is considered to be a measure of the station's degree of continentality.
A station near the coast usually has relatively mild winters and cool summers. Inland stations, on the other hand, generally have cold winters and hot summers.
Older stations can also have normal values for 1991-2020
Many of the stations I have presented here are probably familiar to those interested in the weather. But what, for example, is Randijaur for station? You never hear it mentioned in the weather reports.
Randijaur was running as a temperature station between 1967 and 1973 and that is enough for us to be able to calculate normal values for other periods as well.
The same applies, for example, to Sandhammaren, which ceased to be a station in 1995.
Extreme values during the period 1991-2020
A description of the climate 1991-2020 consists not only of normal values but also of measured extreme values.
There have been no major oddities in the station network and the measurements during the period 1991-2020, but the absolute highest and lowest temperatures are the same as previously published in our current monthly summaries.
Highest temperature 1991-2020
36.2 ° in Målilla on August 10, 1992
Lowest temperature 1991-2020
-49.0 ° in Karesuando on January 27, 1999
Large temperature differences 1991-2020
Difference between maximum and minimum measured temperature
Överkalix-Svartbyn in Norrbotten shows a difference of 80.3 ° between the highest and lowest temperature. It was 34.3 ° on July 26, 2019 and -46.0 ° on January 28, 1999.
In second place is Ylinenjärvi in Norrbotten with 32.8 ° and -46.4 ° on the same occasions.
The smallest difference among stations that have been in operation throughout the period 1991-2020 is Falsterbo with a maximum of 30.2 ° on 31 July 1994 and a minimum of -13.2 ° on 4 February 2012.
Maximum variation on both sides 0 ° C
Markusvinsa in Norrbotten has had a maximum of 34.8 ° on 26 July 2019 and a minimum of -36.2 ° on 5 January 2017.
In southern Sweden we find Horn in Östergötland with a minimum of -34.2 ° on 18 February 1996 and a maximum of 33.8 ° on 11 July 2010.
I think that this particular thing with large variations on both sides of the zero line makes a temperature climate extra interesting. I do not know what the world record is in that respect, but in central Canada and the American Midwest, for example, you can have 40 ° hot in the summer and 40 ° cold in the winter. Locally even below -45 ° and above 45 ° in the most extreme cases.
In the tropics where the temperature is never near freezing, or in the interior of Antarctica where it never gets plus degrees, this index becomes = 0.
For an individual station, of course, the probability of extreme temperatures increases the longer the station has been in operation. Seen over all our historical material, it is Uppsala that has the Swedish urban area in this respect.
This with an absolute minimum temperature of -39.5 ° on January 24, 1875 and an absolute maximum temperature of 37.4 ° on July 9, 1933.
No wonder there was a famine. There's no growing season! Wow, those are downright polar looking.
